Bariatic surgery can increase risk of breast cancer

Washington: In a recent study it has been found that women with a genetic predisposition for breast cancer were 2.5 times more likely to develop a malignancy than women with the same genetic risk who underwent bariatric or weight-loss surgery.

The study was published in the journal, 'ObesityWeek.'

Incidence of breast cancer in women with severe obesity or a body mass index (BMI) of 35 or higher was found to be 18 per cent while incidence for closely matched patients who had weight-loss surgery was 7.4 per cent. The study also found that weight-loss surgery cut the overall risk of developing cancers linked to obesity by 20 per cent.

To understand the study well, researchers reviewed the data of 1,670,035 patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 35 or greater collected between 2010 and 2014 in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest all-payer inpatient healthcare database. The incidence of cancer was compared between more than 1.4 million patients who did not undergo bariatric surgery (control group) and nearly 250,000 patients who did.

Study co-author Emanuele Lo Menzo, Associate Program Director and General Surgery Residency Program, said, "Our findings suggest bariatric surgery could significantly prevent the development of cancer in patients with a higher risk than the average population, even in those genetically predisposed."

"The effect we saw on patients genetically predisposed to developing breast cancer was remarkable and we believe this is the first time a study has shown such an impact. Further studies are needed to determine the factors, including weight loss, that may have led to such risk reduction," Menzo added.

According to the American Cancer Society, having more fat tissue can increase the chances of getting breast cancer by raising estrogen levels. Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of 13 types of cancer, which accounted for about 40 per cent of all cancers diagnosed in the United States in 2014, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) calls obesity a major unrecognized risk factor for cancer that has also been associated with an increased risk of recurrence and mortality in patients with cancer.