Chinese scientists identify genetic pathway in ageing

Chinese scientists have found the first genetic pathway underlying natural variation in ageing, which could provide insights for developing interventions to slowdown the process of growing old in humans, state media reported on Friday.

The scientists, studying a worm, found that the combination of a certain neuropeptide coding gene and its receptor gene controls the stress reaction of a “longevity gene”, which regulates the rate of ageing, China Daily reported.

The more active the coding gene and stronger the receptor gene, the more rapid ageing occurs, according to the team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Neuroscience.

An article about their study, which took more than five years, was published on Thursday in the journal Nature.

Uncovering the genetic secrets of the ageing rate is significant, as the average age of the global population is rising fast.

Ageing is also a major risk factor for diseases, such as cancers and diabetes, the researchers said.

According to the UN, the number of people aged 60 or older hit 1 billion worldwide this year and will rise to 3.1 billion by 2100. China itself has over 250 million above 60 years as it is undergoing demographic change.

“When people live longer, they begin to care more about healthy ageing, which means keeping healthy and youthful and having a better quality of life in their twilight years, like some lucky ones do,” said Cai Shiqing, the team’s lead researcher.

One peer review of the article said the results will be of interest to the readers of Nature because of the general lack of information about how natural genetic variation regulates ageing, and the role of neuromodulatory signalling in the process.

Lab experiments were conducted on Caenorhabditis elegans, a transparent worm about 1 millimetre in length that lives in temperate soil environments. It is the basis of the animal model widely used for age-related research because of its clear genetic profile and short life span — an average of three weeks.

The tiny free—living worms from different parts of the world show varied rates of decline in virility, eating and locomotion during ageing.

Researchers said they have not yet found the worms’ neuropeptide in the human body.

“But we know that animal evolution is conservative, and if we carry on with further studies we’re confident that we will probably find that the mechanism underlying the ageing rate of mammals is the same as for the worms,” said Mu-Ming Poo, director of the institute and an academician of the science academy.

“Healthy human life can be extended if there is a way to target these genes in the future,” he said.