Depressed children likely to have skill deficits

Washington: Turns out, children who show mild to severe symptoms of depression in second and third grades are six times more likely to have skill deficits, such as difficulties with social skills or academics, than children without symptoms, a new study reveals.

The study was performed by researchers at the University of Missouri. The Anxiety and Depression Association of America reported that as many as 2 to 3 per cent of children ages 6-12 might have major depressive disorder. Both parents and teachers had difficulties recognizing depression in children.

"When you ask teachers and parents to rate a child's level of depression, there is usually only about 5-10 percent overlap in their ratings. For example, the teacher might report that a child has difficulties making friends in class, but the parent might not notice this issue at home. Some people would view that overlap as the truth about a child's well-being and areas of disagreement as errors, but we need to explore the possibility that they each are seeing different aspects of children's behavior and mental health," said Keith Herman, professor in the MU College of Education.

Herman and Professor Wendy Reinke completed profile analyses of 643 children in early elementary school to explore how patterns between student, teacher and parent reporting can be used to gain a holistic picture of a child's mental health.

They found that even though 30 per cent of children in the study reported feeling mild to severely depressed, parents and teachers often failed to recognize the child as depressed.

However, teachers and parents were more skilled at identifying other symptoms that might predict long-term risk for depression, such as social problems, inattention and skill deficits. This could be crucial, as Herman found that the children showing severe signs of depression were six times more likely to have skill deficits than their peers.

"The gold standard for identifying children who might be at risk for developing depression later in life is to ask the children themselves. However, even if a child doesn't say they feel depressed, certain outward behaviours might provide clues to the state of the child's mental health. It's important for teachers and parents to catch these behaviours early to prevent long-term problems that occur with depression," added Herman.

Herman said mental health professionals can work with teachers and parents to identify depressive symptoms early by including self-reports from children in mental health evaluations. Screenings also should consider social difficulties, inattention and skill deficits as this might help provide support to at-risk students before they develop further depressive symptoms.

The study was published in the Journal of School Psychology.