Depression and the use of antidepressants can increase the risk of life-threatening blood clots forming in vital veins, a first-of-its-kind study has found.
Researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK conducted an analysis of published studies evaluating the associations of depression and antidepressant use with venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk.
VTE, a condition in which blood clots form in the veins of the legs or lungs, is a life-threatening condition and its treatment is associated with high healthcare costs.
There have been reports that both depression and use of antidepressant drugs might be associated with an increased risk of VTE.
These reports have, however, been conflicting. Previous studies have reported mixed results, some reporting evidence of associations and others reporting no evidence of associations.
The study, published in the journal Annals of Medicine, have clarified the evidence by bringing all published studies together.
Though the study could not prove if the observed findings are mainly driven by the antidepressant drugs or depression itself or both, it does show that a relationship exists between depression, antidepressant use, and VTE.
Antidepressant medications have multiple indications, which include anxiety, pain, and neuralgia and their use is on the increase on a global scale.
Given that VTE is a public health burden, the study's findings highlight the need for prescribers and healthcare professionals to evaluate patients to determine their excess risk of VTE during their management.
"These findings are very useful to me as both a clinician and a researcher. It gives me the information I need, especially when prescribing antidepressant medications to my patients," said lead researcher Setor Kunutsor, a research fellow from Bristol Medical School.
The findings do not prove cause and effect and further studies are needed to show if the associations the study has demonstrated are causal and whether it is depression or antidepressant use or both which drives an increase in VTE risk.
These would need to involve studies that are able to isolate depression from antidepressant medications.
For example, researchers could assess if individuals who are not depressed but use antidepressants for a condition such as neurologic or gastrointestinal disease, are at an increased risk of VTE.
