Washington: Turns out, strong links have been revealed among heart health, genes, and alcohol.
According to a study conducted by the Imperial College London, researchers investigated faulty versions of a gene called titin which is carried by one in 100 people or 600,000 people in the UK, after suspecting new link found between alcohol, genes and heart failure.
Titin is crucial for maintaining the elasticity of the heart muscle, and faulty versions are linked to a type of heart failure called dilated cardiomyopathy. Now new research suggested the faulty gene may interact with alcohol to accelerate heart failure in some patients with the gene, even if they only drink moderate amounts of alcohol.
In the first part of the study, the team analysed 141 patients with a type of heart failure called alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). This condition is triggered by drinking more than 70 units a week (roughly seven bottles of wine) for five years or more. In severe cases, the condition can be fatal, or leave patients requiring a heart transplant.
The team found that the faulty titin gene may also play a role in the condition. In the study, 13.5 percent of patients were found to carry the mutation - much higher than the proportion of people who carry them in the general population.
These results suggest this condition is not simply the result of alcohol poisoning but arises from a genetic predisposition - and that other family members may be at risk too, explained James Ware, study author. "Our research strongly suggests alcohol and genetics are interacting - and genetic predisposition and alcohol consumption can act together to lead to heart failure.
At the moment this condition is assumed to be simply due to too much alcohol. But this research suggests these patients should also be checked for a genetic cause - by asking about a family history and considering testing for a faulty titin gene, as well as other genes linked to heart failure," he said. He added that relatives of patients with ACM should receive assessment and heart scans - and in some cases have genetic tests - to see if they unknowingly carry the faulty gene.
In a second part of the study, the researchers investigated whether alcohol may play a role in another type of heart failure called dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This condition causes the heart muscle to become stretched and thin and has a number of causes including viral infections and certain medications. The condition can also be genetic, and around 12 percent of cases of DCM are thought to be linked to a faulty titin gene.
In the study, the team asked 716 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy how much alcohol they consumed. None of the patients consumed the high-levels of alcohol needed to cause ACM. But the team found that in patients whose DCM was caused by the faulty titin gene, even moderately increased alcohol intake (defined as drinking above the weekly recommended limit of 14 units), and affected the heart's pumping power.
Compared to DCM patients who didn't consume excess alcohol (and whose condition wasn't caused by the faulty titin gene), excess alcohol was linked to a reduction in the heart output of 30 percent. More research is now needed to investigate how alcohol may affect people who carry the faulty titin gene but do not have heart problems, added Paul Barton, the study co-author.
"Alcohol and the heart have a complicated relationship. While moderate levels may have benefits for heart health, too much can cause serious cardiac problems. This research suggests that in people with titin-related heart failure, alcohol may worsen the condition.
"An important wider question is also raised by the study: do mutations in titin predispose people to heart failure when exposed to other things that stress the heart, such as cancer drugs or certain viral infections? This is something we are actively seeking to address."
The study is published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
