A virtual reality therapy that involves watching calming 3D videos can significantly reduce pain for hospitalised patients, according to a study. Researchers from Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre in the US examined 100 hospitalised patients who reported pain scores of greater than three on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale from zero to 10.
Fifty patients received virtual reality (VR) therapy consisting of wearing VR goggles to watch calming video content such as helicopter rides over scenic portions of Iceland, or imagery of swimming in the ocean with whales.
Those patients reported a 24 per cent drop in pain scores after using the virtual reality goggles. Another 50 patients viewed a standard, two-dimensional nature video, depicting relaxing scenes with a calming music audio track, on a close-proximity screen. Although those patients also experienced a reduction in pain, the decrease of 13.2 per cent was less dramatic. "Results indicate virtual reality may be an effective tool along with traditional pain management protocols," said Brennan Spiegel, director of Cedars-Sinai's Health Service Research.
"This gives doctors and patients more options than medication alone," said Spiegel.
While it remains unknown exactly how VR works to reduce pain, Spiegel attributes the benefit to what he calls "immersive distraction." When the mind is deeply engaged in an immersive experience, it becomes difficult, if not impossible, to perceive other stimuli, including pain. "We believe virtual reality hijacks the senses, but in a good way," Spiegel said.
"It creates an immersive distraction that stops the mind from processing pain, offering a drug-free supplement to traditional pain management," he said. Since thw VR intervention was only 15 minutes long and included only one visualisation, it is possible that pain could rebound after completion of the therapy session, Spiegel said adding that longer-term pain reduction might require sustained and repeated exposure to varied virtual reality content. The study was published in the journal JMIR Mental Health.
